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Name: Peter A.  Crooks
Position Type: Professorship
Appointment Start Date: 10/01/04
Appointment End Date:
Area of Specialty: Drug Discovery, Delivery, and Development
Summary Vita: Dr. Crooks received his BS (1966), MS (1967) and Ph.D. (1970) from the University of Manchester, Department of Pharmacy, UK, where he served on the Faculty from 1968-1981. He also spent two years as a research associate in the Department of Pharmacology, Sterling Hall of Medicine, Yale University (1976 - 1978). Dr. Crooks joined the faculty of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky in 1981. He is a member of the Markey Cancer Center, affiliate of the Sanders Brown Center for Aging, a faculty associate in the Center for Membrane Sciences, and holds a joint faculty appointment in the Graduate Center for Toxicology. He has graduated 21 Ph.D. students and eight M.S. students, and has trained 43 post-doctoral fellows and visiting scientists in his laboratory. Dr. Crooks has published 332 peer-reviewed papers and has 217 patents.
Highest Degree: Ph.D.
Professional Affiliations: Member of the following Honor Societies 1. Sigma Xi (Yale Chapter) Scientific Research Society 2. Rho Chi (Kentucky Chapter) Pharmaceutical Honor Society Memberships and Fellowships in Professional Organizations 1. Fellow, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 2. Fellow, Royal Society of Chemistry 3. Fellow and Charter Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists 4. Member of the American Chemical Society 5. Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 6. Member of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics 7. Member of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Scientific Professional and Editorial Activities 1. Targacept; Marion Merrell Dow, Incorporated 2. Dynagen, Incorporated; R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 3. Viro-Kote, Incorporated 4. Endo Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated 5. Canadian Government, Patented Medicine Prices Review Board 6. Emlin Bioscience 7. Yaupon Therapeutics, Inc. 8. US World Medicines 9. Council of Healthcare Advisors 10. Novartis Pharmaceuticals 11. InSys, Inc. 12. Adams Respiratory Therapeutics Professional Activities 1. Committee Member, Office of Extramural Program Review, Contracts Review Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, March, 1993 - present. 2. External Examiner for the Ph.D. degree, Organic Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 1996-present. 3. External Examiner for the Ph.D. degree, Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, 2000-present. 4. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Fellows Selection Committee, 2004-on. 5. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Program Coordination Committee (PPC), 2003-2005. 6. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Strategic Visioning Committee (SVC), 2003-2005. 7. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Membership Strategic Oversight Committee (MSOC), 2004-2005. 8. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists National Biotechnology Conference 2005 Planning Committee, 2004-2005. 9. Chair, Drug Design and Discovery Section, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, May, 2004-November 2005. 10. Member, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Nominations Committee, 2005-on. 11. Member, Canadian Institutes of Health, Drug Development Initiative: Research Resource Grants Study Section, CIHR Research Translation Programs – Commercialization Program, 2005-2006. Editorial Activities 1. Member of the Editorial Board, Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 1987 - on. 2. Regional Editor (U.S.A.) of the Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2002 - on. 3. Member of Editorial Board of the AAPS PharmSciTech, 2001 - on. 4. Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2001-on. 5. Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Drug Design Reviews-Online 2003-on. Manuscript Reviewer (Resarch Journals) 1. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Sciences 2. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 4. Biochemical Pharmacology 5. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6. Journal of Chromatography 7. Journal of Chromatography-Biomedical Applications 8. Analytical Chemistry 9. The FASEB Journal 10. Chirality 11. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 12. Chemical Toxicology Research 13. Chemical Communications 14. Pharmaceutical Research 15. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 16. Tetrahedron 17. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions 18. AAPS Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 19. Biomarkers 20. Industrial Crops and Products 21. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 22. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 24. Cell Biology International 25. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 26. Life Sciences 27. Phytochemical Analysis Scientific Advisory Boards 1. KP Pharmaceuticals, Member, 1997-on 2. Yaupon Therapeutics, Chairman, Inc. 2002-on 3. Pradama, Inc., Member, 2006-on Invited Research Seminars 1. “Long Chain N-n-Alkylnicotinium Analogs Inhibit Nicotinic Receptors Probed by [3H]Nicotine Binding but not [3H]Methyllycaconitine Binding to Rat Striatal Membranes”. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Sixty Seventh Annual Scientific Meeting, June, 2005, Orlando, Florida. 2. “Development of Novel nAChR Antagonists for Smoking Cessation”. Invited Research Seminar, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL, December, 2005. Published Abstracts “Novel reporter Molecule for the Development of Rapid Assay Probes”. I. Surjawan, H. Karacelik, Sundar Neelakantan, Peter A. Crooks, and Clair L. Hicks, Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, July, 2005, Cincinnati, OH; J. Dairy Sci., 86, Suppl. 1. “Multiple Species of Nicotine and Deschloroepibatidine Interacting with the ?4?2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Microscopic Binding to Phenomenological Binding Affinity”. Xiaoqin Huang, Fang Zheng, Peter A. Crooks, Linda Dwoskin, Chang-Guo Zhan, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract M1122 (2005). “Synthesis and Development of Antibiotic Delivery Probes Derived from Bacteriophage”. Sundar Neelakantan, Iwan Surjawan, Huseyin Karacelik, Clair L Hicks, Peter A Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract M1127 (2005). “Identification of 2, 2'-Dipyridyl in Human Plasma”. Shama Nasim, Xiaochen Wei, Jose de Leon, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W5053 (2005). “Enantiomeric Ratio of (R)- and (S)-Nornicotines in Different Nicotiana Species”. Xiaochen Wei, David Crooks, Ruth Babbitt, David Zaitlin, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2113 (2005). “Pharmacological Characterization and Molecular Modeling Predictions of Novel Guanidine Containing Nicotine Analogs”. Aaron Haubner, John Littleton, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2115 (2005). “Parthenolide and its Water Soluble Analogs as Potent Anti-tumor Agents”. Sundar Neelakantan, XiaoChen Wei, Rajasubramaniam Shanmugam, Zhu Wei, Vetrichelvan Jayaprakasan, Poornima Bhat Nakshatri, Harikrishna Nakshathri, Christopher J. Sweeney, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2120 (2005). “QSAR Study on the Affinity of Lobeline and Lobeline Analogs for the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 (VMAT-2) Within the Presynaptic Terminal”. Fang Zheng, Guangrong Zheng, Agripina G. Deaciuc, Linda P. Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2124 (2005). “Synthetic Strategies for the Preparation of “Gemini” Codrugs of Naltrexone, and Hetero Codrugs of ?-Naltrexol with Hydroxybupropion for Transdermal Delivery”. Mohamed Hamad, Paul Kiptoo, Audra Stinchcomb, Peter Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4067 (2005). “S(-)-Norketamine for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain”. Joseph R. Holtman, Jr, Peter A. Crooks, Robert Alonso, Marhaba Hojahmat, Elzbieta Wala, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4069 (2005). “Synthesis and development of Indole Analogues Related to Indomethacin as Adjuvant Radiosensitization Agents”. Venkatraj Muthusamy, Vijayakumar Sonar, Konjeti R. Sekhar, Michael L. Freeman, Joseph L. Roti Roti, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4071 (2005). “Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of a Series of Hydrazone Derivatives of Indole-3-,benzo[b]thiophen-3- and Thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde”. Vijayakumar Sonar, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4075 (2005). “Synthesis of bis-Pyridinium Analogs and Structurally Related Cyclophanes with High Affinity for the Blood Brain Barrier Choline Transporter”. Zhenfa Zhang, Paul Lockman, Werner J. Geldenhuys, David Allen, Linda Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4079 (2005). “3D-QSAR Studies on the Affinity of Semi-rigid Bis-Quaternary Nicotinium Compounds for the Blood Brain Barrier Choline Transporter”. Fancy Thomas, Werner Geldenhuys, Paul Lockman, Tiffany Nguyen, Cornelis Van der Schyf, Zhenfa Zhang, Peter Crooks, Linda Dwoskin, David Allen, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract R62021 (2005). “Synthesis and Pharmacological Studies of Mono-Hydroxy Lobeline Analogs to Inhibit [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine and [3H]Dopamine Uptake into Rat Hippocampal and Striatal Synaptosomes”. Guangrong Zheng, David Horton, Linda Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2125 (2005). “Transdermal Permeation of 6-Beta-Naltrexol Hydrochloride Versus Base After Microneedle Treatment of Hairless Guinea Pigs”. Stan Banks, Mohamed Hamad, Raghotham Pinninti, Harvinder Gill, Mark Prausnitz, Peter A. Crooks, Audra Stinchcomb, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract R6055 (2005). "Transdermal Delivery of Bupropion and Hydroxybupropion In Hairless Guinea Pigs In Vivo”. Paul Kiptoo, Kalpana Paudel, Dana Hammell, Mohamed Hamad, Peter A. Crooks, Audra Stinchcomb, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract R6091 (2005). “6-?[beta]-Naltrexol Human Skin Permeation Enhancement In Vitro Using a Hydroxybupropion Codrug”. Paul Kiptoo, Mohamed Hamad, Peter A. Crooks, Audra Stinchcomb, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract R6093 (2005). “Synthesis of Hydroxybupropion Prodrugs for Transdermal Delivery”. Jianhong Chen1, Paul Kiptoo, Audra Stinchcomb, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract M1108 (2005). “Sublingual Drug Delivery of Nicotine for Smoking Cessation”. Abeer Al-Ghananeem, Ahmad Malkawi, Xiaochen Wei, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract T2130 (2005). “A novel Synthesis of R-(+)-Nornicotine, a Potential Smoking Cessation Agent, via N-Demethylation of R-(+)-Nicotine”. Marhaba Hojahmat, Xiaocheng Wei, Linda Dwoskin, Michael Bardo, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4068 (2005). “N-Alkylpyridinium- and bis-N, N’-Alkylpyridinium Analogs as Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists: Selective Inhibition of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes that Mediate Nicotine-evoked Dopamine Release”. Zhenfa Zhang, Sangeetha P Sumithran, Gabi Deaciuc, Linda Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks, Michael Bardo, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4080 (2005). “Synthesis of bis-Pyridinium Analogs and Structurally Related Cyclophanes with High Affinity for the Blood Brain Barrier Choline Transporter”. Zhenfa Zhang, Paul Lockman, Werner J. Geldenhuys, David Allen, Linda Dwoskin, Peter Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4079 (2005). “Sublingual Drug Delivery of Oxycodone for Acute Pain Management”. Abeer Al-Ghananeem, Ahmad Malkawi, George Digenis, Peter A. Crooks, Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, November, 2005, Nashville, TN, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 7, No. S2, Abstract W4120 (2005). “Parthenolide Selectively Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells but not Normal Prostate Epithelial Cells to Radiation Treatment through Inhibition of NF-KB Activation”. Yulan Sun, Graham Warren, Daret St. Clair, Peter A. Crooks, and William St. Clair, Annual Meeting of the Free Radical Research Society, November, 2005. (Was this abstract published, as you have listed this under publications?) “Effects of Novel N,N’-Dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium Dibromide on Acute Nicotine-Induced Changes in Brain Dopamine Function”, S. Rahman, Nicole M. Neugebauer, Zhenfa Zhang, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Michael T. Bardo, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2005, 35, Abstract 158.15, Washington, DC, November, 2005. “Sulfate Esters of Lobeline: Interaction at Neurotransmitter Transporters and Nicotinic Receptors”, David B. Horton, Marhaba Hojahmat, Seth D. Norrholm, G.Kaprit Dhawan, Peter A. Crooks, and Linda P. Dwoskin, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2005, 35, Abstract 227.11, Washington, DC, November, 2005. “Effect of Lobeline Analogs to Inhibit Nicotine- and Methamphetamine-Evoked Dopamine Overflow from Rat Striatal Slices: Novel Therapeutic Agents with Potential for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Abuse”. Linda P. Dwoskin, G. Kaprit Dhawan, Guangrong Zheng, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, S. Krishnamurthy, and Peter A. Crooks, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2005, 35, Abstract 681.17, Washington, DC, November, 2005. “The Novel Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists N,N’-Dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium Dibromide Inhibits Nicotine-Evoked [3H]Norepinephrine Overflow from Superfused Rat Hippocampal Slices”. Sangeetha P. Sumithran, G. Kaprit Dhawan, Guangrong Zheng, Peter A. Crooks, and Linda P. Dwoskin, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2005, 35, Abstract 961.17, Washington, DC, November, 2005. “Synergistic Radiosensitization of Lung Cancer Cells Using Parthenolide and Low Dose Combinations of Proteasome or Cycloxygenase Inhibitors”. Graham W. Warren, K. R. Grimes, Peter A. Crooks, and William H. St. Clair, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2005, 63: S391, Abstract 2275. “A Novel Drug for Chronic Pain”. Joseph R. Holtman, Jr., Peter A. Crooks, Elzbieta P. Wala, Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology, New York State Society of Anesthesiologists, December, 2005, New York, NY. “Differing Activity Profiles of Nicotine and its CNS metabolite and Tobacco alkaloid, Nornicotine”. Roger L. Papke, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, February, 2006. “Water-soluble Analogue of Parthenolide LC-1 Influences Apotosis in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines by Modulating Pro-Apoptotic Genes and promotes p21 Activity”. Rajasubramaniam Shanmugam, Sundar Neelakantan, Vetrichelvan Jayaprakasan, Peter A. Crooks, Harikrishna Nakshatri, and Christopher Sweeney, Ninety Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Abstract 06-AB-3393-AACR, Washington, DC, April1st-5th, 2006. “Synthesis of New Water Soluble Parthenolide Analogs as Potential Antitumor Agents”. Daneli Lopez, Peter A. Crooks, and Sundar Neelakantan, Proceedings of the 231st American Chemical Society National Meeting, March 26-30, 2006, Atlanta, GA, Abstract No. MEDI-292. “Effects of Novel N,N’-Dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium Dibromide on Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Release in Rats Sensitized to Nicotine”. Shafiq Rahman, Nicole M. Neugebauer, Zhenfa Zhang, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Michael T. Bardo, Sixty Eighth Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Abstract 45, p5, Scottsdale, AZ, June, 2006. “Synergistic Design of Polar bis-Pyridinium Analogs Containing a 1,4-Di-(1-butynyl)phenylenediyl Linker: Interaction with Both Nicotinic Receptors and the Blood-Brain Choline Transporter”. Zhenfa Zhang, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, Paul R. Lockman, David D. Alllen, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Sixty Eighth Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, p17, Scottsdale, AZ, June, 2006. “Novel Trivalent Antagonists with Selectivity for Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors”. By Roger L. Papke, Guangrong Zheng, C. J. Burkle, Peter A. Crooks, and Linda P. Dwoskin, Sixty Eighth Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Abstract 23, p27, Scottsdale, AZ, June, 2006. “New Leads for the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Discovery of Novel bis-Quaternary Ammonium Antagonists at Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Mediating Nicotine-Evoked Dopamine Release”. Guangrong Zheng, Sangeetha P. Sumithran, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Sixty Eighth Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Abstract 24, p27, Scottsdale, AZ, June, 2006. “New Leads for the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction: Discovery of Novel tris-Quaternary Ammonium Antagonists at Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Mediating Nicotine-Evoked Dopamine Release”. Sangeetha P. Sumithran, Guangrong Zheng, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, Peter A. Crooks, and Linda P. Dwoskin, Sixty Eighth Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Abstract 25, p27, Scottsdale, AZ, June, 2006.
Primary Research Focus: Dr. Crooks is internationally known for his research in drug discovery, delivery, and development, which includes drug design and synthesis, pharmacophore development, drug biotransformation studies, prodrug design, and medicinal plant natural product research
Key Contributions: Dr. Crooks’ research also focuses on preclinical drug development, including drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in animal models, dosage form development, and drug delivery assessment using both conventional and non-conventional routes, and preformulation/formulation studies. A major emphasis of his laboratory research focuses on drug abuse, which includes the design and discovery of neuroprotective agents of clinical utility in minimizing the neuronal damage that results as a consequence of detoxification in alcoholism; the development of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as novel smoking cessation agents; and the development of modulators of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) as novel treatments for psychostimulant abuse. Dr. Crooks also has strong research programs in the design and discovery of new opiate and non-opiate analgesics, new anticancer agents, novel radio/thermal sensitization agents, and radioprotection agents.
Publications: Published peer reviewed papers “(Z)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-thiophen-3-yl-acrylonitrile and (Z)-3-[1-(4-tert-Butyl-benzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-thiophen-3-yl-acrylonitrile”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section C, 2005, C61, o78-o80. “In Vivo Evaluation of 3-O-Alkyl Ester Transdermal Prodrugs of Naltrexone in Hairless Guinea Pigs”. By Satyanarayana Valiveti, Dana C. Hammell, Kalpana S. Paudel, Mohamed O. Hamad, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, J. Controlled Release, 2005, 102, 509-520. “Bioconversion of Naltrexone and Its 3-O-Alkyl Ester Prodrugs in a Human Skin Equivalent”. By Dana C. Hammell, Elzbieta I. Stolarczyk, Mitch Klausner, Mohamed O. Hamad, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, J. Pharm. Sci., 2005, 94, 828-826. “(Z)-2-Thiophen-3-yl-3-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-phenyl)acrylonitrile”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, o933-o935. “Introduction of Unsaturation into the N-n-Alkyl Chain of the Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists, NONI and NDNI: Effect on Affinity and Selectivity”. By Sangeetha P. Sumithran, Peter A. Crooks, Rui Xu, Jun Zhu, Agripina G. Deaciuc, Lincoln H. Wilkins, and Linda P. Dwoskin, AAPS Journal: AAPS-NIDA Symposium, Frontiers in Science: Drug Addiction: From Basic Research to Therapeutics, 2005, 7(1). E201-217. “Molecular Modeling of Mono- and Bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Ligands at the ?4?2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Using Non-Linear Techniques”. By Joshua T. Ayers, Aaron Clauser, Jeffrey D. Schmitt, Linda P. Dwoskin and Peter A. Crooks, AAPS Journal: AAPS-NIDA Symposium, Frontiers in Science: Drug Addiction: From Basic Research to Therapeutics, 2005, 7(3), E678-E685. “Human Skin Permeation of Branched Chain 3-O-Alkyl Ester and Carbonate Prodrugs of Naltrexone”. By Haranath K. Vaddi, Mohamed O. Hamad, Jianhong Chen, Stan L. Banks, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, Pharm. Research, 2005, 22, 758- 765. “In Vitro Release Studies on Matrix Type Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems of Naltrexone and its Acetyl Prodrug”. By Buchi N. Nalluri, Caitlin Milligan, Jianhong Chen, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2005, 31, 871-877. “3D-QSAR Study of bis-Azaaromatic Quaternary Ammonium Analogs at the Blood-Brain Barrier Choline Transporter”. By Werner J. Geldenhuys, Paul R. Lockman, Tiffany H. Nguyen, Cornelis J. Van der Schyf, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, and David D. Allen, Biorg. Med. Chem., 2005, 13, 4253-4261. “In Vitro/In Vivo Correlation of Transdermal Naltrexone Prodrugs in Hairless Guinea Pigs”. By Satyanarayana Valiveti, Kalpana S. Paudel, Dana C. Hammell, Mohamed O. Hamad, Jianhong Chen, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, Pharm. Research., 2005, 22, 981-989. “Effect of a Novel Nicotinic Receptor Antagonist, N,N’-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB), on Nicotine Self-Administration and Hyperactivity in Rats”. By Nicole M. Neugebauer, Zhenfa Zhang, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin and Michael T. Bardo, Psychopharmacology, 2006, 184, 426-434. "N-Alkylnicotinium Analogs, a Novel Class of Antagonists at ?4?2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Inhibition of Nicotine-Evoked 86Rb+ Efflux from Rat Thalamic Synaptosomes". By Lincoln H. Wilkins, Jr., Dennis K. Miller, Joshua T. Ayers, Peter A. Crooks, and Linda P. Dwoskin, AAPS Journal: AAPS-NIDA Symposium, Frontiers in Science: Drug Addiction: From Basic Research to Therapeutics, 2006, 7(4), Article 90, E922-E930. “A General Procedure for the Enantioselective Synthesis of the CNS-active Minor Tobacco Alkaloids: Nornicotine, Anabasine and Anatabine”. By Joshua T. Ayers, Rui Xu, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, AAPS Journal: AAPS-NIDA Symposium, Frontiers in Science: Drug Addiction: From Basic Research to Therapeutics, 2005, 7(3), E752-E758. “Lobeline Analogues as Novel Ligands for the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter”. By Guangrong Zheng, Linda P. Dwoskin, Agripina G. Deaciuc, Seth D. Norholm, Marlon D. Jones, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorganic Med. Chem., 2005, 13, 3899-3909. “Evaluation of O3?-, O21-DI-(N1-Methyloxycarbonyl-2, 4-dioxo-5-fluoropyrimidinyl)17?-hydroxy-5?-pregnan-20-one as a Novel Potential Antiangiogenic Codrug”. By Michelle Howard-Sparks, Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem, Andrew P. Pearson, and Peter A. Crooks, J. Enzyme Inhibit. Med. Chem., 2005, 20, 417-428. “Defunctionalized Lobeline Analogues: Structure-Activity of Novel Ligands for the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter”. By Guangrong Zheng, Linda P. Dwoskin, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, Seth D. Norrholm, and Peter A. Crooks, J. Medicin. Chem., 2005, 48, 5557-5560. "Transdermal Delivery of Naltrexone and its Active Metabolite 6-beta-Naltrexol in Human Skin In Vitro and Guinea Pigs In Vivo". By Kalpana S. Paudel, Nalluri B Naidu, Paul Kiptoo, Dana Hammell, Mohamed O. Hamad, Satyanarayana Valiveti, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, J. Pharm. Sci., 2005, 94, 1965-1975. “Novel Antiglaucoma Prodrugs and Codrugs of Ethacrynic Acid”. By Grazyna Cynkowska, Tadeusz Cynkowski, Abeer A. Al-Ghananeem, Hong Guo, Paul Ashton, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 3524-3527. “The Characterization of a Novel ?7-selective nAChR Agonist and the Modulation of Agonist Properties by Boron Inclusion”. By Roger L. Papke, Linda Dwoskin, Nicole A. Horenstein, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 3874-3880. “(E)-N-(2, 5-Dichlorophenyl)-N-thiophen-3-ylmethylene-hydrazine”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, 01907-o1909. “Modeling Multiple Structures of Nicotine and Deschloroepibatidine Interacting with ?4?2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: From Microscopic binding to Phenomenological Binding Affinity”. By Xiaoqin Huang, Fang Zheng, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin and Chang-Guo Zhan, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 14401-14414. “6-Acetoxy-4, 5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-morphin-7-ene”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, o2579-2581. “(E)-2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-1H-indole and (E)-3-(2-Methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-2-phenyl-1H-indole”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section C, 2005, C61, o527-o530. “A 1R, 2R, 5R-(+)-2?-hydroxypinanone Ketimine”. By Joshua T. Ayers, Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, o2682-o2684. “Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Tropane Analogues as Novel Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 Ligands”. By Guangrong Zheng, Linda P. Dwoskin, Agripina G. Deaciuc, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 4463-4466. “Identification and Synthesis of Novel Alkaloids from the Root System of Nicotiana tabacum: Affinity for Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors". By Xiaochen Wei, Sangeetha P. Sumithran, A. Gabriela Deaciuc, Harold R. Burton, Lowell P. Bush, Linda P. Dwoskin and Peter A. Crooks, Life Sciences: Special Issue, National Institutes of Health (NIDA) Symposium on Naturceuticals and Nutraceuticals, 2005, 78, 495-505. “(Z)-2-(3-Methoxybenzylidene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section C, 2005, C61, o660-o661. “(Z)-2-(3-Nitro-benzylidene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, o3254-o3256. “(2E, 4E)-8-Methyl-2, 4-bis-thiophen-3-ylmethylene-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2005, E61, o3445-o3446. “QSAR Modeling of mono- and bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts that Act as Antagonists at Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediating Dopamine Release”. By Fang Zheng, Ersin Bayram, Sangeetha P. Sumithran, Joshua T. Ayers, Chang-Guo Zhan, Jeffrey D. Schmitt, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorganic Medicinal Chem., 2006, 14, 3017-3037. “Synthesis and Stability of Two Indomethacin Prodrugs”. By Shyamala Chandrasekaran, Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem, Robert M. Riggs, and Peter A. Crooks, Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2006, 16, 1874-1879. “(Z)-2-(2-Methoxy-benzylidene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o393-o395. “(Z)-2-(4-Methoxy-benzylidene)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o396-o397. “Oxycodone via Sublingual Spray for Acute Pain Management”. By Abeer M. Al- Ghananeem, Ahmad Malkawi, and Peter A. Crooks, AAPS Journal, 2006, 7(1), Article 23. “(Z)-2-[1-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene]-1- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3- one” By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o623-o625. “1-(1H-Indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-formamide”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section C, 2006, C62, o153-o154. “Methyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o1077-o1078. “Enhancement of Transdermal Delivery of 6-?-Naltrexol via a Codrug Linked to Hydroxybupropion”. By Paul K. Kiptoo, Mohamed, O. Hamad, Peter A. Crooks, and Audra L. Stinchcomb, J. Controlled Release, 2006, 113, 137-145. “Synthesis and Hydrolytic Behavior of Two Novel Carbonate-linked Tripartate Codrugs of Naltrexone and 6?-Naltrexone with Hydroxybupropion as Potential Alcohol Abuse and Smoking Cessation Agents”. By Mohamed O. Hamad, Paul K. Kiptoo, Audra L. Stinchcomb, Peter A. Crooks, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 16, 4291-4395. “1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o3231-o3232. “(E)-1-Benzyl-3-(2-nitrovinyl)-1H-indole”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o3328-o3330. “1-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde”. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o3380-o3381 Opiate Receptor Binding Properties of Morphine-, Dihydromorphine-, and Codeine-6-O- Sulfate Ester Congeners. By Peter A. Crooks, Santosh Kottayil, Abeer M. Al- Ghananeem, Stephen R. Byrn, and D. Alan Butterfield, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 4291-4295, 2006. Des-keto Lobeline Analogs with Increased Potency and Selectivity at Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters. By Guangrong Zheng, David Horton, Agripina G. Deaciuc, Linda P. Dwoskin, and Peter A. Crooks, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2006, 16, 5018-5021. 1-Azepan-1-yl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione. By Vijayakumar N. Sonar, Sean Parkin, and Peter A. Crooks, Acta Crystallogr., Section E, 2006, E62, o3744-o3746.